The Netherlands’ €90 million SAF incentive fund, targeting Schiphol blending above the ReFuelEU mandate for 2027–2029, sharpens the question of where geological hydrogen could eventually undercut electrolysis costs in the PtL production chain.
Twelve’s AirPlant One, the first commercial-scale US Power-to-Liquid e-fuel plant, exposes the central weakness of electrolytic hydrogen — a weakness that geological hydrogen from sites like Lorraine’s PTH-2 well could directly address.
The EU-backed ECO2Fuel project is running a 1 MW electrochemical system that converts captured CO₂ and renewable electricity directly into liquid e-fuels — and the efficiency calculus changes dramatically when the hydrogen feedstock comes from the ground rather than an electrolyser.
The HY4Link project will connect Belgium’s seaport hydrogen import infrastructure through Luxembourg to industrial demand centres in France’s Grand Est region by 2031.